Human geography


Human geography is concerned with the physical distribution of humankind on the earth, in various regions of the world. These regions include Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South American, and Australia/Oceania. Much of the detail associated with these regions, such as their population, natural resources, and other geographical problems will be included in the application of other areas of anthropology, as these are themselves better developed. Subdivisions of these various regions will also be mentioned as they are developed.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Anthropology Europe Asia Africa North America South America Oceania

Human geography is concerned with the physical distribution of humankind on the earth, in various regions of the world. These regions include Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South American, and Australia/Oceania.

Much of the detail associated with these regions, such as their population, natural resources, and other geographical problems will be included in the application of other areas of anthropology, as these are themselves better developed. Subdivisions of these various regions will also be mentioned as they are developed.

Anthropology

Asia

Asia includes regions of Southwest Asia, (The Middle East), South Asia (India), East Asia (China), Southeast Asia, Central Asia, and North Asia (Siberia)

Europe

European geography so far includes the Balkan Peninsula, Italian peninsula, and Northwest European geography.

Africa

African geography so far includes North African geography and Eastern African geograpy

North America

North American geography includes Northern North America (principally Canada and Alaska), Middle North America (most of the United States), and Southern North America (Mexican, Central American, and Caribbean).

South America

South American geography has not yet been subdivided on this site.

Oceania

Oceanic geography, which includes Australian, Pacific, and Antarctic has not yet been subdivided on this site.


History Studies of human geography are little known in prehistory. During antiquity, little is known of the 5th millennium BC or the 4th millennium BC. The 3rd millennium BC, the 2nd millennium BC, and the early first millennium BC have developments in the subject. Its growth as a subject from classical and medieval times will be fascinating. Its growth from early classical through late classical and early medieval times can be followed. The modern exploration of the world began in late medieval times. The voyages of Columbus (1492-1504) that opened up the "New World" of the Americas to the knowledge of the "Old World" of Europe, Asia, and Africa, are key developments in human history. 1497-1499 da Gama reached India by sailing around Africa, initiating the European exploration and exploitation of Asia and Africa.	Links to other sources: Wikipedia - Human Geography
In the modern era, explorers and navigators have explored and described nearly the entire world and its people. The 16th century was part of the age of exploration and discovery. During the 17th century, European explorers were discovering and describing various parts of the world. The early 17th century, the early mid 17th century, the mid 17th century, the late-mid 17th century, and late 17th century produced numeroud exlporations. During the 18th century, explorations were detailing various continents. The early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century saw considerable advances. This process was mostly completed in the 19th century. I do not yet have details of the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, or late 19th century. In the 20th century, exploration was nearly complete, but other analysis of human geography remains to be done. For the early 20th century and the early-mid 20th century I lack details. In the mid-20th century, air transport helped considerably. In the late-mid 20th century, space instrumentation began to influence geography. Developments of the late 20th century, including use of computers in human geography, remain to be described. The early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be considered. The early 21st century is also important. Development of details in the early 2000s will include recent events. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007 during the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter and 2008 including the first quarter, second quarter with April, May, and June, and third quarter with July, August, and September have more current events. The fourth quarter including October and November can be connected. The future including the near future as far as next month (December 2008 and January 2009), next quarter, and next year can be considered. The middle future and far future are obscure.
Sociology Various peoples have contributed to it. Some of these contributions can be identified with particular nations, for instance Canada, Afghanistan, Uganda, Nepal, Peru, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Ghana, Yemen, Taiwan, Romania, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Australia, Madagascar, Syria, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Netherlands, Chile, Kazakhstan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, and Malawi. A great deal of knowledge of human geography is the product of Western civilization. Poland is significant. Anglic peoples can be connected. The United Kingdom is especially important and Anglo-American peoples including those of the United States have contributed substantially to this. Latin peoples including those of Spain have contributed. Italic peoples including those of Italy can be connected. French peoples including those of France can be connected.Hispanic peoples including those of Argentina can be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples including those of Mexico can be connected. Hispanic Colombian American peoples including those of Colombia can be connected. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Germanic peoples including those of Germany can be connected. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia and Ukraine have contributed. Asiatic peoples including Algeria have been important, but not as important as Western civilization. Middle Eastern peoples produced geographers, especially in the medieval period, although so far I lack details on the specific contributions of Morocco North African, Arabian, or Levantine peoples. Turkey can be connected. Egypt can be connected. Persian peoples including those of Iran can be connected. South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh can be considered. Oriental peoples including those of China, Japan, and South Korea can be considered. Southeast Asian peoples including those of Burma can be considered. The Southeast Asian Mainland including nations such as Vietnam and Thailand can be connected. Southeast Asian archipelagoes including Indonesia and the Philippines can be connected. African peoples such as those of Kenya have some contribution to make. East African peoples including those of Tanzania can be connected. Northern East African peoples inlcuding those of Ethiopia can be connected. Interior East African peoples including those of Sudan can be connected. West African peoples including those of Nigeria can be connected. Southern African peoples including those of South Africa can be connected. Central African peoples including those of Congo (DR) can be connected. American Indian peoples such as those found in Argentina have contributed a bit less. Middle American Indian peoples including those of Mexico can possibly be considered. Southwest American Indian peoples such as those of the southwestern United States can be connected. South American Indians such as those found in Colombia have made few notable contributions to human geography. Amazonian peoples such as those of Brazil can be connected. North American Indians such as those found in the United States have made fairly minimal connections to human geography. Eastern North American Indian peoples and Western North American Indian peoples can be considered. Communities such as Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City have contributed to it. Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be connected. Social types including hunting and gathering, horticultural, agrarian, and industrial societies can be considered. Social change including social change factors and social change processes can be connected. Particular changes such as the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution and industrial revolution can be connected. Institutions Religion Particular religions including pagan religion, Asiatic religion, Abrahamic religion, and secularism also have some connection to geography. Religious organization, practice, and belief also has some connection.Government including particular governments, government activities, government structure, and law has some influence on it. Economics including economic activites, industry, and economic systems can be connected. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools has some influence on human geography. Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families may have connections to human geography. Culture It depends to some extent on behavioral culture including cultural events, recreation and entertainment, occupations, and customs. It depends especially on conceptual culture including philosophy, applied science, mathematics, literature, graphic arts, and language. Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation devices, communication devices, industrial technology, and other artifacts may be useful. Other Anthropology Particular groups can be connected. It also connects to human ecology including effects of the environment on people, relations with other life, and effects of humans on the environment. It also depends heavily on physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion. Human geography depends heavily on demography, including birth and fertility, migration, morbidity and mortality, population structure, and population change. There are strong connections with social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types. Personal studies Particular biographies are all significant. Important contributors to human geography include: Columbus Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, mental disorders, developmental psychology, personality, and social psychology are significant. Studies of the human body including body systems and function, disease and life cycle, and the human form may be useful. Science Biology is also useful. Molecular, cell, and organism biology are not directly useful, but systematics including studies of microbes, protists, plants, fungi, and animals is useful to human geography. Ecology including behavioral ecology, Population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeographi is also vital to human geography. biohistory including principally the Cenozoic period is also useful. Earth science including geology and hydrospheric science atmospheric science is fundamental to human geography. Atmospheric science including atmospheric structure, meteorology, and climatology will be useful. Physical geography including terrestrial geography, oceanic geography, and mapping is significant. Geohistory including principally the Cenozoic period is also useful to human geography. Astronomy is useful, not so much for cosmology, galactic astronomy, or stellar astronomy, but promarily for solar system astronomy. Chemistry and physics are indirectly connected.

History

Studies of human geography are little known in prehistory. During antiquity, little is known of the 5th millennium BC or the 4th millennium BC. The 3rd millennium BC, the 2nd millennium BC, and the early first millennium BC have developments in the subject. Its growth as a subject from classical and medieval times will be fascinating. Its growth from early classical through late classical and early medieval times can be followed. The modern exploration of the world began in late medieval times. The voyages of Columbus (1492-1504) that opened up the "New World" of the Americas to the knowledge of the "Old World" of Europe, Asia, and Africa, are key developments in human history.

1497-1499 da Gama reached India by sailing around Africa, initiating the European exploration and exploitation of Asia and Africa.

Links to other sources:

Wikipedia - Human Geography

In the modern era, explorers and navigators have explored and described nearly the entire world and its people. The 16th century was part of the age of exploration and discovery. During the 17th century, European explorers were discovering and describing various parts of the world. The early 17th century, the early mid 17th century, the mid 17th century, the late-mid 17th century, and late 17th century produced numeroud exlporations.

During the 18th century, explorations were detailing various continents. The early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century saw considerable advances.

This process was mostly completed in the 19th century. I do not yet have details of the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, or late 19th century.

In the 20th century, exploration was nearly complete, but other analysis of human geography remains to be done. For the early 20th century and the early-mid 20th century I lack details. In the mid-20th century, air transport helped considerably. In the late-mid 20th century, space instrumentation began to influence geography.

Developments of the late 20th century, including use of computers in human geography, remain to be described. The early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be considered.

The early 21st century is also important. Development of details in the early 2000s will include recent events. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007 during the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter and 2008 including the first quarter, second quarter with April, May, and June, and third quarter with July, August, and September have more current events. The fourth quarter including October and November can be connected.

The future including the near future as far as next month (December 2008 and January 2009), next quarter, and next year can be considered. The middle future and far future are obscure.

Sociology

Various peoples have contributed to it. Some of these contributions can be identified with particular nations, for instance Canada, Afghanistan, Uganda, Nepal, Peru, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Ghana, Yemen, Taiwan, Romania, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Australia, Madagascar, Syria, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Netherlands, Chile, Kazakhstan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, and Malawi.

A great deal of knowledge of human geography is the product of Western civilization. Poland is significant. Anglic peoples can be connected. The United Kingdom is especially important and Anglo-American peoples including those of the United States have contributed substantially to this. Latin peoples including those of Spain have contributed. Italic peoples including those of Italy can be connected. French peoples including those of France can be connected.Hispanic peoples including those of Argentina can be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples including those of Mexico can be connected. Hispanic Colombian American peoples including those of Colombia can be connected. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Germanic peoples including those of Germany can be connected. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia and Ukraine have contributed.

Asiatic peoples including Algeria have been important, but not as important as Western civilization. Middle Eastern peoples produced geographers, especially in the medieval period, although so far I lack details on the specific contributions of Morocco North African, Arabian, or Levantine peoples. Turkey can be connected. Egypt can be connected. Persian peoples including those of Iran can be connected. South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh can be considered. Oriental peoples including those of China, Japan, and South Korea can be considered. Southeast Asian peoples including those of Burma can be considered. The Southeast Asian Mainland including nations such as Vietnam and Thailand can be connected. Southeast Asian archipelagoes including Indonesia and the Philippines can be connected.

African peoples such as those of Kenya have some contribution to make. East African peoples including those of Tanzania can be connected. Northern East African peoples inlcuding those of Ethiopia can be connected. Interior East African peoples including those of Sudan can be connected. West African peoples including those of Nigeria can be connected. Southern African peoples including those of South Africa can be connected. Central African peoples including those of Congo (DR) can be connected.

American Indian peoples such as those found in Argentina have contributed a bit less. Middle American Indian peoples including those of Mexico can possibly be considered. Southwest American Indian peoples such as those of the southwestern United States can be connected. South American Indians such as those found in Colombia have made few notable contributions to human geography. Amazonian peoples such as those of Brazil can be connected. North American Indians such as those found in the United States have made fairly minimal connections to human geography. Eastern North American Indian peoples and Western North American Indian peoples can be considered.

Communities such as Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City have contributed to it.

Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be connected. Social types including hunting and gathering, horticultural, agrarian, and industrial societies can be considered. Social change including social change factors and social change processes can be connected. Particular changes such as the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution and industrial revolution can be connected.

Institutions

Religion Particular religions including pagan religion, Asiatic religion, Abrahamic religion, and secularism also have some connection to geography. Religious organization, practice, and belief also has some connection.Government including particular governments, government activities, government structure, and law has some influence on it. Economics including economic activites, industry, and economic systems can be connected. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools has some influence on human geography. Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families may have connections to human geography.

Culture

It depends to some extent on behavioral culture including cultural events, recreation and entertainment, occupations, and customs. It depends especially on conceptual culture including philosophy, applied science, mathematics, literature, graphic arts, and language. Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation devices, communication devices, industrial technology, and other artifacts may be useful.

Other Anthropology

Particular groups can be connected. It also connects to human ecology including effects of the environment on people, relations with other life, and effects of humans on the environment. It also depends heavily on physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion. Human geography depends heavily on demography, including birth and fertility, migration, morbidity and mortality, population structure, and population change. There are strong connections with social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types.

Personal studies

Particular biographies are all significant. Important contributors to human geography include:

Columbus

Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, mental disorders, developmental psychology, personality, and social psychology are significant. Studies of the human body including body systems and function, disease and life cycle, and the human form may be useful.

Science

Biology is also useful. Molecular, cell, and organism biology are not directly useful, but systematics including studies of microbes, protists, plants, fungi, and animals is useful to human geography. Ecology including behavioral ecology, Population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeographi is also vital to human geography. biohistory including principally the Cenozoic period is also useful.

Earth science including geology and hydrospheric science atmospheric science is fundamental to human geography. Atmospheric science including atmospheric structure, meteorology, and climatology will be useful. Physical geography including terrestrial geography, oceanic geography, and mapping is significant. Geohistory including principally the Cenozoic period is also useful to human geography.

Astronomy is useful, not so much for cosmology, galactic astronomy, or stellar astronomy, but promarily for solar system astronomy. Chemistry and physics are indirectly connected.

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