Economics


Economics includes studies of economic systems, companies and industries and economic activities.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Institutions Systems Industries Activity

Economics includes studies of economic systems, companies and industries and economic activities.

Institutions

Systems

Studies of economic systems include such matters as firms, economic networks, types of economic systems, and economic system behavior.

Industries

Industries are groups of organizations, classified by the type of goods or services they provide. This includes Companies, Agriculture, Extraction and manufacture, Building construction, Social and medical services, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial services.

Activity

Economic activity includes production, distribution or trade and exchange, and consumption from both practical and theoretical perspectives.


History As with institutions in general, economic systems, companies, and economic activities can be followed through history. They are somewhat difficult to trace in prehistory, but information in antiquity and through classical and medieval times is more abundant. Their modern history can be examined more thoroughly and their future can also be examined.
Sociology Studies of economics and economic systems in various peoples of the world will also be significant. The economics of particular nations are included under the peoples they belong to. [ Angola, Zimbabwe, Mali, Zambia, Cuba, Greece, Portugal, Belgium Tunisia, Czech Republic, Guinea, Rwanda, Serbia, Chad, Hungary, Belarus Somalia, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Sweden, Haiti, Burundi, Benin, Austria Azerbaijan, Honduras, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Tajikistan, Israel, El Salvador, Hong Kong Paraguay, Laos, Sierra Leone, Jordan, Libya, Papua New Guinea, Togo, Nicaragua Denmark, Slovakia, Kyrgystan, Finland, Turkmenistan, Eritrea, Norway, Georgia United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Central African Republic, Moldova, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Ireland, Palestinian, Lebanon, and Puerto Rico] Western civilization is probably the most influential. Particular nations include Guatemala. Cities including Sao Paulo can also be connected. Anglic peoples are chief among peoples of Western civilization. Cities such as New York City can be connected. British peoples as found in the United Kingdom are significant. Anglo-American peoples including the United States, Canada, and British Caribbean peoples are significant. Anglo-Australian peoples including Australia are also significant. Latin peoples including those of Ecuador and cities such as Mexico City can be considered. Italic peoples including those of Italy can be connected. French people including those of France can be connected. Hispanic peoples including those of Chile can be considered. Events of Spain can be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples including those of Mexico can be connected. Hispanic Colombian American peoples including those of Colombia and Venezuela can be considered. Hispanic Peruvian American peoples including those of Peru can be connected. Hispanic Argentine American peoples including those of Argentina can be connected. Lusitanic peoples including Brazil can be considered. Germanic peoples including those of Germany and the Netherlands can be considered. Northeast European peoples including those of Russia Ukraine, and Poland can be connected. Other economically important peoples include Balkan peoples such as those of Romania and Scandinavian peoples. Asiatic peoples were once significant, declined under Western influence, but are again becoming important. Nations including Cambodia can be examined. Cities including Tokyo, Seoul, Bombay, Delhi, and Shanghai can also be examined. Middle Eastern peoples such as those of Syria can be connected. Egypt can be considered. Turkey can be considered. Persian peoples including those of Iran and Afghanistan can be connected. North African peoples such as those of Morocco and Algeria can be connected. Mesopotamian peoples including those of Iraq can be considered. Arabian peoples including those of Saudi Arabia and Yemen can be considered. South Asian peoples including those of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal , and Sri Lanka can be considered. Central Asian peoples including some of those found in China, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan can be connected. Oriental peoples including those of China, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea can be considered. Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Australia can be considered. Peoples of Mainland Southeast Asia including those of Vietnam, Thailand, Myannmar, and Malyasia can be considered. Peoples of the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes including Indonesia and the Philippines can be connected. African peoples including those of Senegal can be considered. Eastern African peoples including those of Uganda can be considered. Northern East African peoples including those of Ethiopia can be connected. Interior East African peoples including those of Sudan can be connected. Central East African peoples including those of Tanzania and Kenya can be connected. Western African peoples including those of Niger can be considered. Southern Coastal West African peoples such as those of Nigeria and Ghana can be connected. Western Coastal West African peoples such as those of Cote d'Ivoire can be connected. Interior West African peoples such as those of Burkina Faso can be connected. Southern African peoples including those of South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Malawi can be considered. Central African peoples including those of Congo (DR) and Cameroon can be considered. American Indian peoples as discussed in histories of Guatemala can also be considered. Middle American peoples such as those of Mexico can be connected. Southwestern American Indian peoples such as those of the southwestern United States can also be connected. South American peoples including those of Ecuador can be examined. Andean peoples such as those of Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, and Chile can be connected. Amazonian peoples such as those of Brazil, Argentina can be considered. Cono/Southern American Indian peoples such as those of Argentina and Chile can be connected. North American peoples such as those found in the United States and Canada can be connected. Economics of particular communities [such as Los Angeles] is discussed under the particular nations and peoples they belong to. Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure includes considerations of economics. Economics is connected to various social types. It is small scale and informal in hunting and gathering peoples. It is hardly more evident in horticultural societies, but is a significant part of agrarian societies and vital in industrial societies. Social change is also valuable. Social change factors including natural change, demographic change, cultural change, and institutional change can be considered. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction is also important. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution are significant including its early, middle, and late stages can be considered. Other Institutions Religion Particular traditions including Abrahamic religion has not been carefully examined, but Christianity including Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, Other Christianity, and Mormonism all have economic influences, as do Islam and Judaism. Asiatic religion including Zoroastrianism, Manicheanism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism also has an influence on economics. Secularist, and pagan traditions do also.Religious organization such as unstructured, fragmented, and unified religions, practices, and beliefs seems to be somwhat weakly connected to economics. Government Particular governments including local governments, national governments such as Monarchies, dictatorships, and democratic governments, and international governments including imperial, colonial, and modern compacts are closely connected to economics. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be connected. Government structure such as political parties, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, government heads, and government forms have a great deal to do with economics. Law including tribal law, asiatic law, Western law, and International law is connected to economics. There are also connections with education including teaching, research, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools. There are also connections with families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families. Culture Behavioral culture is important. Cultural events such as meeting, holidays, miscellaneous events, and disasters are useful. Recreation and entertainment including music, dance, theater, games, and sports have become important. Occupations and customs are important. It also depends on conceptual culture. Philosophy, including metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and philosophical schools and doctrines, is also useful. Applied science, mathematics, literature, graphics, and language are important. Material culture such as foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation and communication devices, tools, and other artifiacts is vital to economics. Anthropology Particular groups are also important to economics. Human geography including European geography, Asian Geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic giography is important to economics. Human ecology including the influence of the anvironment on people and the influence of people on the world is important. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and dispersion is less directly significant. Demography including birth, migration, and death, population size and structure, and population change is also significant in economics. Social foundations such as social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and social group types are important in economics. Personal studies Biography is significant. Major figures in economics include: Mohammed Newton T'sai Lun Gutenberg Columbus Pasteur Galileo Moses Augustus Lavoisier Constantine Watt Marx Faraday Maxwell Luther Ford Adam Smith Edison Morton Psychology including behavioral fundamentals, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology is important. The human body including body systems, body functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance may be useful. Science is for the most part indirectly useful. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, and earth science may be useful. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory may be useful.

As with institutions in general, economic systems, companies, and economic activities can be followed through history. They are somewhat difficult to trace in prehistory, but information in antiquity and through classical and medieval times is more abundant. Their modern history can be examined more thoroughly and their future can also be examined.

Sociology

Studies of economics and economic systems in various peoples of the world will also be significant. The economics of particular nations are included under the peoples they belong to. [ Angola, Zimbabwe, Mali, Zambia, Cuba, Greece, Portugal, Belgium Tunisia, Czech Republic, Guinea, Rwanda, Serbia, Chad, Hungary, Belarus Somalia, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Sweden, Haiti, Burundi, Benin, Austria Azerbaijan, Honduras, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Tajikistan, Israel, El Salvador, Hong Kong Paraguay, Laos, Sierra Leone, Jordan, Libya, Papua New Guinea, Togo, Nicaragua Denmark, Slovakia, Kyrgystan, Finland, Turkmenistan, Eritrea, Norway, Georgia United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Central African Republic, Moldova, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Ireland, Palestinian, Lebanon, and Puerto Rico]

Western civilization is probably the most influential. Particular nations include Guatemala. Cities including Sao Paulo can also be connected. Anglic peoples are chief among peoples of Western civilization. Cities such as New York City can be connected. British peoples as found in the United Kingdom are significant. Anglo-American peoples including the United States, Canada, and British Caribbean peoples are significant. Anglo-Australian peoples including Australia are also significant. Latin peoples including those of Ecuador and cities such as Mexico City can be considered. Italic peoples including those of Italy can be connected. French people including those of France can be connected. Hispanic peoples including those of Chile can be considered. Events of Spain can be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples including those of Mexico can be connected. Hispanic Colombian American peoples including those of Colombia and Venezuela can be considered. Hispanic Peruvian American peoples including those of Peru can be connected. Hispanic Argentine American peoples including those of Argentina can be connected. Lusitanic peoples including Brazil can be considered. Germanic peoples including those of Germany and the Netherlands can be considered. Northeast European peoples including those of Russia Ukraine, and Poland can be connected. Other economically important peoples include Balkan peoples such as those of Romania and Scandinavian peoples.

Asiatic peoples were once significant, declined under Western influence, but are again becoming important. Nations including Cambodia can be examined. Cities including Tokyo, Seoul, Bombay, Delhi, and Shanghai can also be examined.

Middle Eastern peoples such as those of Syria can be connected. Egypt can be considered. Turkey can be considered. Persian peoples including those of Iran and Afghanistan can be connected. North African peoples such as those of Morocco and Algeria can be connected. Mesopotamian peoples including those of Iraq can be considered. Arabian peoples including those of Saudi Arabia and Yemen can be considered.

South Asian peoples including those of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal , and Sri Lanka can be considered.

Central Asian peoples including some of those found in China, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan can be connected.

Oriental peoples including those of China, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea can be considered.

Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Australia can be considered. Peoples of Mainland Southeast Asia including those of Vietnam, Thailand, Myannmar, and Malyasia can be considered. Peoples of the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes including Indonesia and the Philippines can be connected.

African peoples including those of Senegal can be considered.

Eastern African peoples including those of Uganda can be considered. Northern East African peoples including those of Ethiopia can be connected. Interior East African peoples including those of Sudan can be connected. Central East African peoples including those of Tanzania and Kenya can be connected.

Western African peoples including those of Niger can be considered. Southern Coastal West African peoples such as those of Nigeria and Ghana can be connected. Western Coastal West African peoples such as those of Cote d'Ivoire can be connected. Interior West African peoples such as those of Burkina Faso can be connected.

Southern African peoples including those of South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Malawi can be considered.

Central African peoples including those of Congo (DR) and Cameroon can be considered.

American Indian peoples as discussed in histories of Guatemala can also be considered.

Middle American peoples such as those of Mexico can be connected. Southwestern American Indian peoples such as those of the southwestern United States can also be connected.

South American peoples including those of Ecuador can be examined. Andean peoples such as those of Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, and Chile can be connected. Amazonian peoples such as those of Brazil, Argentina can be considered. Cono/Southern American Indian peoples such as those of Argentina and Chile can be connected.

North American peoples such as those found in the United States and Canada can be connected.

Economics of particular communities [such as Los Angeles] is discussed under the particular nations and peoples they belong to.

Social structure and change

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure includes considerations of economics. Economics is connected to various social types. It is small scale and informal in hunting and gathering peoples. It is hardly more evident in horticultural societies, but is a significant part of agrarian societies and vital in industrial societies.

Social change is also valuable. Social change factors including natural change, demographic change, cultural change, and institutional change can be considered. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction is also important. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution are significant including its early, middle, and late stages can be considered.

Other Institutions

Religion

Particular traditions including Abrahamic religion has not been carefully examined, but Christianity including Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, Other Christianity, and Mormonism all have economic influences, as do Islam and Judaism. Asiatic religion including Zoroastrianism, Manicheanism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism also has an influence on economics. Secularist, and pagan traditions do also.Religious organization such as unstructured, fragmented, and unified religions, practices, and beliefs seems to be somwhat weakly connected to economics.

Government

Particular governments including local governments, national governments such as Monarchies, dictatorships, and democratic governments, and international governments including imperial, colonial, and modern compacts are closely connected to economics. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be connected. Government structure such as political parties, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, government heads, and government forms have a great deal to do with economics. Law including tribal law, asiatic law, Western law, and International law is connected to economics.

There are also connections with education including teaching, research, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools. There are also connections with families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families.

Culture

Behavioral culture is important. Cultural events such as meeting, holidays, miscellaneous events, and disasters are useful. Recreation and entertainment including music, dance, theater, games, and sports have become important. Occupations and customs are important. It also depends on conceptual culture. Philosophy, including metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and philosophical schools and doctrines, is also useful. Applied science, mathematics, literature, graphics, and language are important. Material culture such as foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation and communication devices, tools, and other artifiacts is vital to economics.

Anthropology

Particular groups are also important to economics. Human geography including European geography, Asian Geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic giography is important to economics. Human ecology including the influence of the anvironment on people and the influence of people on the world is important. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and dispersion is less directly significant. Demography including birth, migration, and death, population size and structure, and population change is also significant in economics. Social foundations such as social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and social group types are important in economics.

Personal studies

Biography is significant. Major figures in economics include:

Psychology including behavioral fundamentals, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology is important. The human body including body systems, body functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance may be useful.

Science is for the most part indirectly useful. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, and earth science may be useful. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory may be useful.

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